Madness and witchery ... are conditions commonly associated with the use of the female voice in public , in ancient as well as in modern contexts. Consider how many female celebrities of classical mythology, literature and cult make themselves objectionable by the way they use their voice. For example there is the heartchilling groan of the Gorgon, whose name is derived from a Sanskrit word garg meaning "a guttural animal howl that issues as a great wind from the back of the throat through a hugely distended mouth". There are the Furies whose highpitched and horrendous voices are compared by Aiskhylos to howling dogs or sounds of people tortured in hell. There is the deadly voice of the Sirens and the dangerous ventriloquism of Helen and the incredible babbling of Kassandra and the fearsome hullabaloo of Artemis as she charges through the woods. There is the seductive discourse of Aphrodite which is so concrete an aspect of her power that she can wear it on her belt as a physical object or lend it to other women. There is the old woman of Eleusinian legend Iambe who shrieks and throws her skirt over her head to expose her genitalia. There is the haunting garrulity of the nymph Echo (daughter of Iambe in Athenian legend) who is described by Sophokles as the "girl with no door in her mouth". Putting a door on the female mouth has been an important project of patriarchal culture from antiquity to present day. Its chief tactic is an ideological association of female sound with monstrosity, disorder and death.
The Gender of Sound, Anne Carson
